SAPS police-precinct context — Springs precinct, 2025/26. Figures cover the full police precinct, not the suburb or property. These reported figures are read-only context and do not affect the property verdict.

Suburb score withheld — Area-weighted suburb indices are withheld because no observed suburb ground truth is available for accuracy calibration.

South African Police Service quarterly crime statistics: financial-year sums of official monthly station values; rates use Census 2022 police-precinct population. Precinct population 131,838 (2022).